சோழர் செப்பேட்டில் மரங்கள்

 

முனைவர் ஜெ.ஆர்.சிவராமகிருஷ்ணன்

உதவிப்பேராசிரியர்                            

வரலாற்றுத்துறை                              

குந்தவை நாச்சியார் அரசு மகளிர் கலைக் கல்லூரி 

தஞ்சாவூர்           


                   

           Nrhoh; nrg;Ngl;by; kuq;fs;

 

Kd;Diu

       gz;ilafhy kf;fspd; tuyhw;iw ntspg;gLj;Jk; fhyf;fz;zhbahf tpsq;Fgit nrg;NgLfshFk;. ,it kd;ddpd; Gfio kl;Lk; ghlhky; mth;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l kf;fs; eyg;gzpfis gw;wpAk; tpthpf;fpwJ.NkYk; ,aw;ifapd; tukhd kuq;fis ghJfhj;jy; vd;w cahpa gz;igAk; typAWj;JfpwJ. xU ehl;bd; tsk; fhl;bd; tsj;NjhL njhlh;GilaJ vd;gij czh;e;jth;fs; ek; kd;dh;fs;. mjdhy; jhd; kuq;fs; ntl;lg;gLtJ Fw;wkhfTk;> mij eLtJ mwkhfTk; fUjpdh;. epyghpth;j;jid Mtzq;fs; epyj;jpy; ,Ue;j kuq;fis NkNdhf;fpa kuq;fs; vd Rl;Lfpd;wd. Mtzj;jpy; gjpNtw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l kuk; murpd; mDkjpapd;wp ntl;l KbahJ. vdNt jhd; ,f;fl;Liu Nrhoh; nrg;NgLfspy; kuq;fspd; gjpTfis tpthpg;gjhf cs;sJ.

nrg;NgLfs; tpsf;fk;

       nrg;NgLfs; vOJk; tof;fk; ,e;jpahtpy; fp.K.%d;whk; E}w;whz;by; njhlq;fpaJ. cj;jpug;gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s Nrhnfsuh vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; fpilj;Js;s fp.K. 3 Mk; E}w;whz;ilr; rhh;e;j nrg;NgLjhd; kpfg;goikahdjhFk;. nrg;NgLfis ve;j Kiwapy; vOj Ntz;Lnkd;gij  tp\;ZGuhzk;> ahf;Qty;f;fpaKk; $Wfpd;wd. nrg;NgLfs; vOJtij gw;wp tp\;Z Guhzk; fPo;tUk; Kiwia $WfpwJ. epyjhdk; toq;Fk;NghJ nrg;Ngl;by; murdJ Kj;jpiu> nfhLf;fg;gl;l epyj;jpd; vy;iyfs;> gug;gsT Mfpait Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwJ. ,e;j Kiwapy; vOjg;gl;l nrg;NgLfs; fp.gp.ehd;fhk; E}w;whz;by; ,Ue;Nj fpilf;fpd;wd. Fg;jkd;dd; Kjyhk; Fkhu Fg;jdpd; jidj`h nrg;NgL>Ntq;fp ehl;L rhyq;fhad kd;dh;fspd; nrg;NgLfs;> gy;yt kd;dd; ];fe;jth;kDila FzgNjar; nrg;NgL> thfhl kd;dd; ,uz;lhk; tpe;jparf;jpapd; fhrpk; nrg;NgLfisf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

Nrhoh; nrg;NgLfs;

  ,Jtiu gj;njhd;gJ Nrhoh; nrg;NgLfs; fpilj;Js;sd. ,tw;wpy; fhyj;jhy; Ke;ijaJ Kjyhk; guhe;jf Nrhodpd; cjNae;jpur; nrg;NglhFk;. Nrhoh;        nrப்NgLfs; nfhil> Nghh;eltbf;iffs;> kd;dh;fspd; guk;giu gl;bay;>                               Rhjidfs;> nkhopahSik Nghd;wtw;wpd; rpwe;j Mtzj; njhFg;ghFk;. nrg; NgLfspy; gy epfo;Tfis mth;fs; gjpT nra;jpUe;jhYk; kuq;fis Mtzg; gLj;Jtjpy; mth;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l Kaw;rp tpag;gspg;gjhf cs;sJ. fhl;L tsNk ehl;L tsk; vd;w nfhs;if gpbg;igAk; czuKbfpwJ.

                        

kuk;eLjy; kw;Wk; ghJfhj;jy;

      rhiyfspy;  khe;jUf;Fk; tpyq;FfSf;Fk; epoy; jUk; Mykuq;fs;> khe;Njhg;Gfis itj;jpUf;fpNwd; vd;W khkd;dd; mNrhfh; jkJ VohtJ fw;W}z; Mizapy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. cyfpNyNa kuk; eLjy; rpwe;j mwnkd ciuf;Fk; Kjy; fy;ntl;Nl ,Jthfj;jhd; ,Uf;f KbAk;. Kjyhk; FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhodpd; 24 Mk; Ml;rpahz;il (fp.gp.1094) rhh;e;j GJf;Nfhl;il> fPuD}h; cj;jkehj Rthkp Nfhapy; fy;ntl;by; gw;Wf;fspy; Fsq;fSk; fiufspy; epw;Fk; kuq;fSk; tay;fspy; fpzWfSk; kiyfspy;  fpzWfSk;  ,itw;wpy; kuq;fSf;Fk; vq;fspy;  gifnfhz;L VRgl;L nfl;Lk; NghNdhkhfpYk; ,itapw;Wf;F xU mopTk; nra;a flnthky;yhNjhkhfTk; mjhtJ jq;fSf;F ve;j mopT Neh;e;jhYk; kuq;fs; mopf;fg;glhJ vd;w tho;tpay; newpia mf;fhy kf;fs; gpd;gw;wpaij mwpaKbfpwJ.NkYk; kuq;fSf;F mopT Vw;gLj;Jgth;fsplkpUe;J  mopTgpio vd;w jz;lk; tR+ypf;fg;gl;ljhfTk; vOj;jhtzq;fs;  Rl;Lfpd;wd.

 

kuq;fis Mtzg;gLj;Jjy;

     Nrhoh; nrg;Ngl;by; epyq;fspd; vy;iyapy; epd;w kuq;fis kpfj;njspthf Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sdh;. epy ghpth;j;jidapy; kuq;fspd; ngah;fs; Rl;lg;gLtjd; Nehf;fk;> mk;kuq;fs; Kiwahf Mtzg;gLj;jpaij Fwpg;gplNtahFk;. ,J ,aw;ifia ghJfhf;Fk; Kaw;rpNa  vdyhk;. fy;ntl;Lf;fs; mopTw;W NghFk; vd;gjhy; mk;kuq;fspd; tptuq;fis nrg;NgLfspy; Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sdh;. ,ij muR fz;fhzpg;gJk; vspJ. nrg;Ngl;by; MtNzw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l kuq;fisg; gw;wpf; fhz;Nghk;.

 

cjNae;jpuk; nrg;NgL

     ,r;nrg;NgL guhe;jf Nrhodpd; 15 Mk; Ml;rpahz;by; (fp.gp.922 ) ntspaplg;gl;ljhFk;. Kjy; Ie;J VLfs; rk];fpUjg; gFjp. ,U VLfs; jkpo;g; gFjpiaf; nfhz;lJ. cjNae;jpuk; nrg;Ngl;by; kUJ> Myk;> Ntk;G> Gdw;nrL> fy;yhyp> JhpQ;ry; Nghd;w kuq;fs; gw;wpa gjpTfs; cs;sd. ,k;kuq;fspy; kUJ> Myk;> Ntk;G Mfpait rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Rl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. vdNt ,it rq;ffhy Kjy; jkpofj;jpy; tsh;e;J tUtij mwpaKbfpwJ.

 

kUJ

     cjNae;jpuk; nrg;Ngl;bd; MwhtJ VL> Kjy; gf;fj;jpy; njw;F Nehf;fp nry;y kUJk; vd;w thpapy; kUJ kuk; ,Ue;j ,lk; rhpahf Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l Mtzg;gjpNtw;wk; vdyhk;. jkpo; ,yf;fpak; fz;l Itif epyq;fSs; kUjKk; xd;W. ,g;Gyj;jpy; tsh;e;j kuNk kUJ kukhFk;. kUJ kuq;fs; Mw;wpd; fiuapy; tsh;e;jpUe;jij fhtphpg; gyuhL ngUe;Jiw kUnjhL vd FWe;njhifAk; (258:2-3) > itia thh; kzy; mfd;Jiw jpUkUJ Xq;fpa vd mfehD}Wk; (36 :9-12 ) Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. ,jd; %yk; kUJ kuk; ePh; epiyia xl;b tsuf; $baJ vd;gij czu KbfpwJ. nrg;NgLk; ,k;kuk; ghyhw;wpd; njw;F gFjpapy; ,Ue;jij Fwpf;fpwJ. vdNt kuq;fspd; tifia itj;Nj me;epyj;jpd; jd;ikiaAk; mwpaKbfpwJ. rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;l kUJ kuk; Rkhh; 1>100 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF  cjNae;jpuk; nrg;Ngl;by; Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xd;whFk;. ,k;kuj;jpd; jhtug;ngah; Njh;kpdhypah mh;r;Rdh vd;gjhFk;.

 

Mykuk;

     ,Nj nrg;Ngl;by; 81tJ thpapy; GypaNdwpapd; fPo; filf;nfhk;gpdhy; MyKk; vd Mykuj;ij gw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Mykuj;jpd; mbNa ,iwtpd; tpUk;gp ciwAkplk; vd;W ,yf;fpaq;fs; $Wfpd;wd. My;nfO flTs; vd;W jpUKWfhw;Wg;gilAk;(256)> My; mkh; nry;tjw;F vd rpWghzhw;Wg;gilAk;(97)> md;W Mypd; fPo; ,Ue;J mwKiuj;jhd; vd khzpf;fthrfUk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. ,t;tsT rpwg;G tha;e;j Mypid Nrho Nte;jh;fs; Mtzg;gLj;jp ,Ug;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jhFk;. ,k;kuk; NkhNurp vd;w jhtuf; FLk;gj;ijr; rhh;e;jJ.

 

Ntk;G

    cjNae;jpuk; nrg;NgL neLq;fsh; KlNtk;Gk; vd 81tJ thpapy; fsh; epyq;fspd; mUNf ntg;g kuk; ,Ue;jij Fwpf;fpwJ. Ntk;G vdr;rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; $Wk; Ntg;gkuj;jpd; G+ ghz;ba  kd;dh;fspd;  Fbg;G+thFk;. Ntg;gkuk; ghz;bah;fspd; fhty; kuk; vd;gij gioad; fhf;Fk; fUQ;rpid Ntk;gpd; vd;W gjpw;Wg;gj;J (5 : 14 ) $WfpwJ. NkYk; Ntk;G fbg;gif jd;ikAilaJ vd;gjhy; tPl;bd; Kfg;gpy; Ntg;gpiy nrUfg;gLtij ,yf;fpaq;fs; ciuf;fpd;wd. khDlj;jpw;F ed;ik gaf;Fk; Ntk;gpid ghJfhf;fNt  cjNae;jpuk; nrg;Ngl;by; Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; ,r;nrg;Ngl;by;  Ntk;G ,Ue;j  gFjpapy; Nkw;Nf Gdw;nrLk;’’> njw;fpy; G+jy;> fpof;F  Nehf;fpapopaf; fy;yhyp > fpof;F Nehf;fpapopa JhpQ;rpYk;. mjhtJ Gdw;nrL> G+jy;> fy;yhyp> JhpQ;ry; vd gpw kuq;fSk; ,Ue;Js;sd.

 

gs;sd; Nfhapy; nrg;NgL

     Re;jur; Nrhodpd; gs;sd; Nfhapy; nrg;Ngl;by;> cg;gs ehl;il rhh;e;j nrNyl;b Fbad; vd;w tpahghhp Re;jur;Nrhod; ngUk;gs;spf;F epyjhdk; toq;fpaij $WfpwJ. cg;gs ehL flw;fiu rhh;e;j nea;jy; epynkd;gjhy; ,r;nrg;Ngl;by; jhio> fKF Nghd;w kuq;fs; Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

 

jhio

    ml;bA+h;f; fPnoy;iyj; jhio mjhtJ ml;bA+hpd; fpof;F vy;iyapy; jhio kuq;fs; ,Ue;jij nrg;NgL Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. kly; jhio kiye;J (88)’’ vd gl;bdg;ghiyAk;> jlkyh;j; jhio vd fypj;njhifAk;(131 : 10)> jhioapd; rpwg;ig Rl;Lfpd;wd. nea;jy; gFjpapy; epyq;fis Mtzg;gLj;Jk; nghOJ                    mq;fpUe;j jhio kuq;fisAk;> nrg;NgLfspy; gjpNtw;wk; nra;jpUg;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. jhio ghz;Nlrp vd;w jhtuf;FLk;gj;ijr; rhh;e;jJ.

 

jpUthyq;fhL nrg;NgL

     ,r;nrg;NgL Kjyhk; ,uhN[e;jpu Nrhodpd; Ie;jhtJ Ml;rpahz;by; (fp.gp.1018) ntspaplg;gl;ljhFk;. jpUthyq;fhL nrg;NgL 31 VLfis nfhz;lJ. ,r;nrg;Ngl;by; flk;G> td;dp> cfh> Ntk;G> gpuha;> ntSq;F> tpsh>njhOf;fl;il >Mj;jp> fUNtyk;> crpiy> Gsp> td;kiu> nts; Ntyk;> nrk;kzpr;ir> fUq;fhyp>,ye;ij> td;fiz> Gy;yhe;jp>nehr;rp> njq;F> fKF> gid> gyh vd ,Ugj;jpehd;F kuq;fisg; gw;wpa gjpTfs; cs;sd. ,tw;wpy; VO kuq;fs; rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.

 

flk;G

     jpUthyq;fhL nrg;Ngl;by; gioaD}h; tlfPo; %iyapy; flk;nghL epd;w jplNy> fPo;fiu epd;w flk;Ng vd flk;g kuj;ijg; gw;wpa gjpit fhzKbfpwJ. ,k;kuj;ijg; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpYk; cs;sd. JWePh;f; flk;gpd; vd rpW ghzhw;Wg;gilAk;(70)> flk;G R+ba fd;dp vd rPtfrpe;jhkzpAk;(990)> flk;G kuj;ijg; gw;wp Rl;Lfpd;wd. Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;gpUe;J mopahky; tsh;j;J tUk; flk;G kuq;fs;> Nrhoh; fhy epy Mtzq;fspy; Kiwahf MtNzw;wk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sij mwpaKbfpwJ.,J fh/gp vd;w jhtuf;FLk;gj;ijr; rhh;e;jJ.

 

tpshkuk;

     ,t;nty;iyapy; epd;w tpshNt vd;w nrg;Ngl;L thpapy; tpshkuk; gw;wpa gjpT fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tpshkuj;ij tpshk;goq;fkOk; (ew; 12:1)>  ghiwjhs; tpstpd; (ngUk; 95) vd rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. jpUthyq;fhL nrg;Ngl;by; ,Ugj;ije;jiu Ntyp epyk; gioaD}h; ehl;by; ,Ue;j jpUthyq;fhL Nfhapypf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ epyq;fspDNl ,Ue;j tpshkuq;fs;  nrg;Ngl;by; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. tpshkuk; &l;Nlrp vd;w jhtuf; FLk;gj;ij rhh;e;jjhFk;.

 

Mj;jpkuk;

     Mj;jpkuq;fs; epiwe;j gFjpNa Mw;fhlhFk;. ,jid gLkzp ahidg;gRk;G+z; Nrhoh;> nfhbElq;F  kWfpd; Mh;f;fhl;L Mq;fz; (227 : 5-6 ) vd;W ew;wpiz Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. gioa Mw;fhL gFjpapy; jhd; jpUthyq;fhL cs;sJ. NkYk; ,r;nrg;Ngl;by; mjpf ,lq;fspy; Mj;jpkuk; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; cs;sd. ,jid $bd tplj;J epd;w Mj;jp kuk;> ,t;nty;iyapy; Mj;jp> Kw;w tplj;J epd;w Mj;jpkuk; Nghd;w thpfspy; Mj;jp kuj;jpd; gjpTfis fhzKbfpwJ. ,k;kuk; rPry;gpdha;bNa vd;w jhtuf;FLk;gj;ijr; rhh;e;jjhFk;.

fUq;fhypkuk;

     jpUthyq;fhL nrg;Ngl;by; ,t;nty;iyapy; epd;w fUq;fhyp kuNk > tl ghw;nfy;iy ,f;fUq;fhyp kuj;ij aplj;jpl;L vd;w thpfspy; fUq;fhyp kuj;jpd;

                         

Fwpg;Gfs; fhzKbfpwJ. rq;f ,yf;fpaKk; ,k;kuj;ij rpWkhNuhlk;> NkhNuhlk; vd Rl;Lfpd;wd. Fy;iygpl tk; rpWkhNuhlk; vd (FwpQ;rp -78 ) fgpyh; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. FWkaph; khkyh; eW NkhNuhlkhL cld; vwpe;J vd ,k;kuj;jpd; kyiu ew;wpiz (337)  Gfo;fpwJ. ,k;kuk; vngNdrp vd;w jhtuf; FLk;gj;ijr; rhh;e;jJ. ,jid Nuh];Tl; kuk; vd;W miog;gh;.

 

nehr;rp

      ,J rpWkutifiar; rhh;e;jJ. Kw;Wifiaj; jfh;j;njOk; tPuh;fs; R+Lk; Nghh; kyh; vd rq;f ,yf;fpak; $WfpwJ.kapyb ,iyakhf;Fuy; nehr;rp vd;W ew;wpizAk; (115:5-7). kzpJzh;e; jd;d khf;Fuy; nehr;rp vd GwehD}Wk; (272) nehr;rpapd; rpwg;ig Nghw;Wfpd;wd. vy;iyapy; nehr;rpf; fOt vd jpUthyq;fhL nrg;NgL Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; Nghh; eltbf;ifNahL njhlh;Gilajhf Mtzg; gLj;Jk; nehr;rpia. Nrhoh; nrg;NgLfs; Fwpg;Ngw;wk; nra;jpUg;gJ rpwg;G tha;e;jjhFk;. nehr;rp thgpndrp vd;w jhtuf; FLk;gj;ijr;  rhh;e;jJ.

 

gid

      rq;ffhy Nrukd;dhpd; Fbg;G+ gidahFk;. gidapy; ,Ue;J ,wf;fg;gLk; fs;spd; rpwg;ig rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; Gfo;fpd;wd. fs; ,wf;Fgth;fsplkpUe;J <og;g+l;rp vd;w thp ngwg;gl;lij Nrho Mtzq;fs; Rl;Lfpd;wd. jpUthyq;fhL nrg;Ngl;by; ,t;t+h; vy;iy tl;lj;Js;s njq;Fk; gidAk;…….,t;t+h;Nuwp mjhtJ epyghpth;j;jidapd; NghJ tpisepyq;fs; kw;Wk; Vhpia xl;bapUe;j njd;id> gid kuq;fs; midj;Jk; nrg;Ngl;by; gjpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. gidkuk; ghNk vd;w jhtuf; FLk;gj;ijr; rhh;e;jjhFk;

 

gyh kuk;

     jpUthyq;fhL nrg;Ngl;by; ,U NtypAQ; nrz;gfKQ; nrq;fOePUk; khTk; ghyTe; njq;Fq; fKF Ks;spl;l gy;YUtpw; gad; kuk; vd nrz;gf kuk;> khkuk;> gyhkuk;> njd;idkuk;> ghf;Fkuk; cs;spl;l kuq;fis gad;kpf;f kuq;fs;  vd Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,jpy; nrz;gf kyhpUe;J mj;jh; vd;w thrid jputpak; jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,k;kyh; kUj;Jt Fzk; kpf;fJ. gyT vdr; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; Rl;Lk; gyhkuk; ,e;jpa ehlil rhh;e;jJ. ts;sy; ghhpapd; gwk;Gkiyapy; cOJ gaphplg;glhj ,k;kuq;fs; jhNd tsh;e;J gad;nfhLj;jjhf fgpyh; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. rhuw; gy tpd; vd [q;FWE}Wk;   (214: 1) gokPf; $Wk; gyhmg; Nghy (407-408)> vd ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gilAk; gyhkuj;jpd; rpwg;igf; $WfpwJ. gyhtpd; jhtug; ngah; mh;l;Nlhfhh;g;g]; ,d;nlfphp Nghypah vd;gjhFk;.

 

 

 

fKF

     ,k;kuj;ijg; gw;wp nrg;NgL MW ,lq;fspy; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. NkYk; tpis epyq;fspd; vy;iyapy; ,Ue;j fKFkuq;fs; midj;Jk; Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. fKF jUk; ghf;if ntw;wpiy> Rz;zhk;G> thrid nghUl;fSld; Nrh;j;J Ritg;gh;. ghpaiuf; fKfpd; ghisAk; gRk; G+f;fU ,Ue; jd;d vd         ngUk;ghzhw;Wg; gil (7-8) Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,k;kuk; ghNk vd;w jhtuf; FLk;gj;ijr; rhh;e;jJ.

  

vrhyk; nrg;NgL

     Kjyhk; ,uhN[e;jpu Nrhodpd; FU rh;trpt gz;bjuhy; fl;b Kbf;fg;gl; va;jhh; ,uhkP];tuk; NfhapYf;F ed;dhL> Vh;ghf;fk; vd;w Ch;fis ,izj;J tpf;uk Nrhoey;Yhh; vd ngahpl;L mt;T+h;fspy; ,Ue;j nkhj;j epyq;fisAk; ,f;NfhapYf;F jhdkhf toq;fpdhd; vd;gij vrhyk; nrg;NgL Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,r;nrg;Ngl;by; jhdk; toq;fg;gl;l epyq;fspy; ,Ue;j kuq;fshd mopQ;rpy;>Gd;fk>; njq;F> fKF> gid> gyh> khkuk; Nghd;w kuq;fs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

 

mopQ;rpy;

     njd;dUNf nrd;W fpof;F Nehf;fp mopQ;rpy; NkNl vd vrhyk; nrg;NgL mopQ;rpy; kuk; tsh;e;jpUe;j Nkl;Lg; gFjpia njspthf Fwpf;fpwJ. fhrpd; khl;nlhOfg; G+j;j mopQ;rpy; vd rPtfrpe;jhkzp (1649:3) Rl;LfpwJ. vdNt mopQ;rpy; kuk; rq;f fhyj;jpypUe;J tsh;e;JtUk; kukhFk;. ,k;kuk; myhQ;rpNarp vd;w jhtuf;FLk;gj;ijr; rhh;e;jjhFk;.

 

Gd;fk;

        fpof;F Nehf;fpr; nrd;W Gd;fk; Nkl;Lf;F vd Gd;fkuk; tsh;e;jpUe;j epyg;gFjpia Rl;LfpwJ. NkYk; rq;f Ehy;fs; Gd;F> Gd;fk; vd ,k;kuj;ij $Wfpd;wd. nghhp vdg; Gd;F mtpo; mfd; Jiw vd mfehD}Wk; (116: 56)> nghhp cU cwog; Gd;F G+ cjpu vd fypj;njhifAk; (33 : 11) nre;jiyia ntz;fisa Gd;fk; vd rPtfrpe;jhkzpAk; (1649: 4 ) Gq;fkuj;jpd rpwg;ig czh;j;Jfpd;wd. Rkhh; Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;l ,yf;fpaq;fs; Rl;Lk; Gd;fkuk; fp.gp.1041 Mk; Mz;L ntspaplg;gl;l Vrhyk; nrg;Ngl;by; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUg;gJ rpwg;G tha;e;j xd;whFk;. ,J NggpNarpNa’’ FLk;gj;ijr; rhh;e;jJ.

 

njq;F

    ed;dhL> Vh;ghf;fk; gFjpapy; ,Ue;j njd;id kuq;fs;; midj;Jk; epyjhdj;jpd;  NghJ nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sij nrg;NgL Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. rq;f E}y;fs; njd;id kuj;ij njq;F vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. Nfhs; njq;fpd; Fiy thio vd gl;bdg;ghiyAk; (16-13:7) >njq;F gL tpad; gok; Kidapd; vd GwehD}Wk; (61;:9) njd;idia gjpT nra;fpwd. ,k;kuk; mhpNfrpNa’’ FLk;gj;ijr; rhh;e;jjhFk;.

 

KbTiu

    ,e;jpa tuyhw;wpy; 399 Mz;Lfs; Ml;rp nra;j Nrho kd;dh;fs;  gj;njhd;gJ nrg;NgLfis  ntspapl;Ls;sdh;. ,r;nrg;NgLfs; epyghpth;j;jidapy;  NkNdhf;fpa kuq;fis gjpT nra;Ak; nghOJ jpir> epytpay; mikg;G> kuj;jpd; mUNf ,Ue;j Fwp;g;G nghUl;fs; Nghd;wit Rl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. ,r;nrg;NgLfspy; 35 tifahd kuq;fs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;wpy; gjpide;J kuq;fs; rq;f

,yf;fpaj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. kuq;fs; epyq;fSf;F xg;ghf gjpT nra;ag;gl;ljd; Nehf;fk;> mit ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNjahFk;.

 

Fwpg;GE}y; gl;bay;

1.   INSCRIPTIONS  TEXTS  OF  THE  PUDUKOTTAI  STATE.

2.   eld. fhrpehjd;> Nrhoh; nrg;NgLfs; gj;njhd;gJ.

3.   kiwkiyabfs;> gl;bdg;ghiy ciu.

4.   Gyth; m.khzpf;fdhh;> fypj;njhif.

5.   n[.=re;jpud;> rPtfrpe;jhkzp.

6.   Gyth; m.khzpf;fdhh;> mfehD}W.

7.   Gyth; m.khzpf;fdhh;> Iq;FWE}W.

8.   Gyth; m.khzpf;fdhh;> ew;wpiz.

9.   r.Nt.Rg;gpukzpad;> njhy;fhg;gpak; njspTiu.

10.  Kidth; F.rPepthrd;> rq;f ,yf;fpaj; jhtuq;fs;.

11.  rp.Nfhtpe;juhrd;> fy;ntl;Lf;fiyr;nrhy; mfuKjyp.

12.  M.S.Nfhtpe;jrhkp> mNrhfUk; mtUila fhyKk;.

 

 

 

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